The inner core is about the size of the moon. It is made up of around nine-tenths iron and nickel. The core of the Earth is around 6,800 km wide and starts about halfway to the center of the planet ( Figure 1b). Planet Earth can be divided into four layers: the solid inner core at the center, the liquid outer core, the rocky mantle and the crust at the surface, which we live on. Maps of the declination angle are very complicated and because of the flow of the outer core, the position of magnetic North moves over time. ![]() The angle between true North and magnetic North at any particular position on the Earth is called the declination angle. A compass needle generally does not point to true North (the axis of rotation of the Earth), but to the magnetic North pole. The magnetic field formed by the Earth’s core is expected to align with the axis of rotation, but it deviates a bit for reasons that are not well-understood. The electrical current creates a magnetic field that reaches out from the core to the surface of the Earth and beyond. ![]() The metal carries an electrical current that is powered by the movement of the liquid. The Earth has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core, both made of iron and nickel.
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